Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have attracted much attention in recent\nyears as next generation lighting and displays, due to their many advantages, including\nsuperb performance, mechanical flexibility, ease of fabrication, chemical versatility, etc.\nIn order to fully realize the highly flexible features, reduce the cost and further improve the\nperformance of OLED devices, replacing the conventional indium tin oxide with better\nalternative transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) is a crucial step. In this review, we\nfocus on the emerging alternative TCE materials for OLED applications, including carbon\nnanotubes (CNTs), metallic nanowires, conductive polymers and graphene. These\nmaterials are selected, because they have been applied as transparent electrodes for OLED\ndevices and achieved reasonably good performance or even higher device performance\nthan that of indium tin oxide (ITO) glass. Various electrode modification techniques and\ntheir effects on the device performance are presented. The effects of new TCEs on light\nextraction, device performance and reliability are discussed. Highly flexible, stretchable\nand efficient OLED devices are achieved based on these alternative TCEs. These results\nare summarized for each material. The advantages and current challenges of these TCE\nmaterials are also identified.
Loading....